This document represents the final report of the study “Non invasive brain-machine interfaces” performed by the Interdepartmental Research Center “E. Piaggio” of the University of Pisa within the ARIADNA framework of activities promoted by the European Space Agency (ESA). Contents of the report are organized as follows. The first part presents a literature survey on the state of the art of brain-machine interfaces (BMI), with a particular emphasis on the non-invasive types. In order to discuss potential benefits deriving from the use even of additional interfa-ces, conceived as complementary and auxiliary for BMI, the second part reviews different types of non-invasive man-machine interfaces. Their working principles, implementations, possible applications and typical features are discussed. Such additional interfaces are considered as a useful help, especially for multi-task activities. The report then presents a selection of the most promising and feasible non- nvasive BMI concept for space applications, as well as the most interesting man-machine interface concepts capable of working as auxiliary and complementary tools. In particular, selected concepts consist of EEG- based BMI, to be eventually used in combination with interfaces based on speech recognition, EMG activation and motion capture and gesture recognition. The final part reports potential fields of space applications for such types of interfaces.

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