The increasing integration of combining with the hardware (the basic mechanism, electronic circuit board, transducer and actuator) and the software (information processing and overall control) results in integrated systems called mechatronic systems. The development progresses of a mechatronic system involve properly disposing every component for desired function. The progress has a very large influence on a variety of commercial products in the field of advanced robotic systems, Micro/Nanomechatronics, biomechatronics and healthcare, automotive systems, and so on. Indeed, the design concepts usually originate from the biological inspiration. By observing and inspiring the biological phenomena, behavior and similar structures, the correlative principles can be derived or understood and use them to help solve a non-biological problem. In the beginning, this paper enumerates some definitions for mechatronics engineering, and reviews the development history in the field of mechatronic systems. Secondly, the required components, key functions and eminent applications are discussed. In section two, the problems met in the progress from design to realization are proposed, such as biological inspiration and integration aspects. Next, the development of key components for mechatronic system is then described. Numerous literatures have been cited to emphasize the significance of mechatronic applications. Finally, the expectations and future perspectives of mechatronic systems are addressed.

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