The research efforts addressing the control of robot behavior have been polarized; most robots are either fully guided through “strong” programming, or given a few learning algorithms and left alone to explore the world. This paper explores the area in-between, looking at robot fostering, referring to techniques by which skills can be transferred to robots through a close interaction with humans. While robot fostering can be the basis of interaction with a variety of robotic shapes, it is most natural and human-friendly when the robot apprentices are anthropomorphic/humanoid. Fostering techniques discussed here include teaching/learning by imitation, teaching by description/explanation, reinforcement, aid and collaboration. The paper illustrates an experiment in teaching/learning by imitation. The human fosters the robot by first imitating its uncoordinated arm movements, thus helping the robot develop its sensory-motor associative system. The human then shows arm movements and the robot visually tracks them; consecutively, the robot is able to learn arm movements by imitation. Fostering techniques,in addition to robot learning/acquisition techniques and more efficient man–machine interaction are considered key elements contributing to the nascence of a new research field, develop-mental robotics, which would focus on the robotics counterpart of human cognitive and motor development.

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