A background subtraction apparatus of the present invention includes a key point locator for locating key points on a known object type, a boundary point locator for locating boundary points of the known object that make up the edges of the known object, and an edge processor for processing the edges to provide a clean-edged extraction of the known object from a background image. Preferably, the key point locator includes an alignment detector for detecting alignment of an image of the known object type with a skeleton image. Still more preferably, the skeleton image is an exoskeleton image and the known object type is a human being.

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Embodiments of the hyperextension brace assembly utilize a cross-strap attached to mounting facilities about a joint to limit the extension of limbs about the joint. The cross-strap assembly is positioned from a cross origin behind the joint to attachment points on upper and lower mounting facilities on the upper and lower limbs and provides an opposing tensile force that limits the extension of mounting facilities and the limbs. In embodiments for a knee joint, the brace assembly provides a resisting force to resist hyperextension of the knee. Embodiments of the assembly are able to accommodate different joints, different size wearer’s of the assembly and different tension settings such as for athletes during competition. Embodiments of the brace can be used bilaterally and can be made without metal bracing to comply with the requirements of some sports.

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The present invention relates to variable low/zero gravity simulation systems. variable low/zero gravity condition is achieved by substantial immersion in a fluid environment (“buoyancy means”) and using power assist means/robotic displacement devices such as exoskeleton to help user’s movement/gravity compensation and/or relief or change loads on the subject’s torso and limbs that caused by the weight and shape of the “Buoyancy means”, so that user can experience the effect of the (variable) gravity environment being simulated, such as Zero gravity in which situation user could move effortlessly in a weightless environment. When combine with VR related technology, this can create vivid immersive simulations for extraterrestrial scenes and can be widely used for entertainment, game, training, healing and etc.

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Forearm rotation mechanism and orthosis including such mechanism.

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A portable, easily body-mounted, light-weight hinged brace to build muscle groups by adding adjustable resistance at the joint.

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