A lower extremity exoskeleton, configurable to be coupled to a person, includes: leg supports configurable to be coupled to the person’s lower limbs and designed to rest on the ground during stance phases, with each leg support having a thigh link and a shank link; two knee joints, each configured to allow flexion and extension between respective shank and thigh links; an exoskeleton trunk configurable to be coupled to the person’s upper body, rotatably connectable to the thigh links of the leg supports, allowing for the flexion and extension between the leg supports and the exoskeleton trunk; two hip actuators configured to create torques between the exoskeleton trunk and the leg supports; and at least one power unit capable of providing power to the hip actuators. In use, power is supplied to the hip actuators in an amount to reduce the energy consumed by a user during a walking cycle.

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A lower extremity exoskeleton (100), configurable to be coupled to a person, includes: leg supports (101, 102) configurable to be coupled to the person’s lower limbs and designed to rest on the ground during stance phases, with each leg support (101, 102) having a thigh link (104, 105) and a shank link (106, 107); two knee joints (107, 108), each configured to allow flexion and extension between respective shank (106, 107) and thigh links (107, 108); an exoskeleton trunk (109) configurable to be coupled to the person’s upper body, rotatably connectable to the thigh links (107, 108) of the leg supports (101, 102), allowing for the flexion and extension between the leg supports (101, 102) and the exoskeleton trunk (109); two hip actuators (145, 146) configured to create torques between the exoskeleton trunk (109) and the leg supports (101, 102); and at least one power unit (201) capable of providing power to the hip actuators (145, 146). In use, power is supplied to the hip actuators (145, 146) in an amount to reduce the energy consumed by a user during a walking cycle.

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A blood flow measuring apparatus includes a sensor unit including a light emitter configured to emit light onto a measurement area and a light receiver configured to receive the light transmitted through the measurement area; at least one more light receiver configured to receive the light transmitted through the measurement area; and a control part configured to measure a blood flow state of the measurement area according to signals outputted by the light receivers. The light emitted by the light emitter is received by the light receivers arranged at different distances from the light emitter and the light receivers output the signals responsive to the received light. The control part measures the blood flow state of the measurement area by performing an arithmetic process to cancel a component of oxygen saturation in the blood, said component being included in the signals outputted by the light receivers.

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A passive gravity balancing assist device for human sit-to-stand motion is provided. The design combines the use of auxiliary parallelograms with springs to produce an orthotic device wherein the total potential energy of the system is constant during standing and sitting motion.

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A multi-fit orthotic structure including an attachment system for coupling the orthotic structure to a wide variety of subjects without requiring a custom fit. In one embodiment, active mobility assistance is provided via an orthotic system capable of integrating a linear actuator and linkage system to deliver torque to the lower leg of a subject to facilitate flexion and/or extension motion of the subject’s leg. The orthotic structure is attached to the subject using a textile suspension system which does not require the orthotic structure to interface directly in the knee region or at the lateral areas of the thigh and calf of the subject, thus providing an ideal fit for the widest possible range of subjects with the minimum number of required sizes.

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