На основе уравнений Лагранжа-Максвелла разработан метод решения задачи оп-тимального управления манипуляторами с последовательной и параллельной структурами, рассматриваемыми как элек-тромеханические системы. Метод позволяет без введения дополнительных сил, изменением лишь напряжений в элек-троприводах, спланировать требуемые оптимальные движения механизмов, что существенно упрощает системы их управления.

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The motion of the movable sections of the robot is taken for a periodic motion so that the attitude of the robot can be stably controlled in a broad sense of the word by regulating the transfer of the movable sections. More specifically, one or more than one phase generators are used for the robot system and one of the plurality of controllers is selected depending on the generated phase. Then, the controller controls the drive of the movable sections according to continuous phase information. Additionally, the actual phase is estimated from the physical system and the frequency and the phase of the phase generator are regulated by using the estimated value, while the physical phase and the phase generator of the robot system are subjected to mutual entrainment so that consequently, it is possible to control the motion of the robot by effectively using the dynamics of the robot.

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A semi-actuated above knee prosthetic system, which is mostly passive in nature and includes a shank link coupled to an artificial foot, a knee mechanism connected to the shank link and a thigh link attached to an above-knee remaining lower limb of an amputee, is operable in either an actuated mode or an un-actuated mode controlled by a signal processor linked to various prosthetic mounted sensors. In the actuated mode, power is delivered to a torque generator connected to the knee mechanism to cause a forced movement between the thigh and shank links. In the un-actuated mode, a control circuit operates in a non-powered manner to allow operation of the knee mechanism with modulated resistance. Power is delivered through an electric motor connected to a battery source and employed to drive a hydraulic pump which is part of an overall hydraulic power unit including the torque generator.

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A lower extremity exoskeleton (100), configurable to be coupled to a person, includes two leg supports (101, 102) configurable to be coupled to the person’s lower limbs, an exoskeleton trunk (109) configurable to be coupled to the person’s upper body, which is rotatably connectable to the thigh links (103, 104) of the leg supports (101, 102) allowing for the flexion and extension between the leg supports (101, 102) and the exoskeleton trunk (100), two hip actuators ( 145, 146) configured to create torques between the exoskeleion trunk (109) and the leg supports (101, 102), and at least one power unit (201) capable of providing power to the hip actuators (145, 146) wherein the power unit (201) is configured to cause the hip actuator (145, 146) of the leg support (101, 102) in the swing phase to create a torque profile such that force from the exoskeleton leg support (101, 102) onto the person’s lower limb during at least a portion of the swing phase is in the direction of the person’s lower limb swing velocity.

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A technique for providing a variable-ratio coupling between output shaft and input motor involves driving an output shaft with drivers that are out of phase with each other. Advantageously, the technique provides a gear reduction via a simple, high-efficiency mechanism; continuous output torque is provided by alternating the load between two belts deflected by, by way of example but not limitation, cam devices.

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