The electromyography (EMG) of a male teenager performing isokinetic exercise is conducted to realize the characteristics of femoral muscles in human knee movement. The raw EMG data of rectus femoris muscle and biceps femoris muscle are full-wave rectified to demonstrate the electromechanical delay that ranges from 50 to 100 ms. The mean of biceps femoris EMG in isokinetics knee flexion is approximately 3-4 times as much as that of rectus femoris EMG in isokinetics knee extension. The rectified EMG signals are smoothed by using moving average method to receive a linear envelope that outlines the mean trend of EMG signals. It gives a clear perspective to observe the relation between the micro-scale EMG signal and the macro-scale kinetic data. This paper presents an important basis to establish a mechanical model of muscle for human knee movement.

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National security organizations in the United States, including the armed services and the intelligence community, have developed a close relationship with the scientific establishment. The latest technology often fuels warfighting and counterintelligence capacities, providing the tactical advantages thought necessary to maintain geopolitical dominance and national security. Neuroscience has emerged as a prominent focus within this milieu, annually receiving hundreds of millions of Defense Department dollars. Its role in national security operations raises ethical issues that need to be addressed to ensure the pragmatic synthesis of ethical accountability and national security.

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Disabilities that follow cerebrovascular accidents and spinal cord injuries severely impair motor functions and thereby prevent the affected individuals from full and autonomous participation in activities of daily living. Rehabilitation therapy is needed in order to recover from those severe physical traumas. (далее…)

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