A control device and a control program of a walking assisting device, wherein a desired assist ratio, which is a desired value of the ratio of a force to be supplied by a walking assisting device (1) in a total tread force of a user (A) relative to the total tread forces is set, the shares of a lifting force to be applied to the user (A) from a seating part (2) which are to be borne by the leg links (3L, 3R) are determined from the desire assist ratio and the tread forces of the legs of the user (A) measured on the basis of outputs of force sensors (38, 38, 39, 39), and actuators (27, 27) of the leg links (3L, 3R) are controlled such that the determined shares of the lifting force are generated from the leg links (3L, 3R). Thus, a force required for the user (A) to support himself/herself by his/her legs on a floor can be reduced while reducing the number of parts to be attached to each leg of the user (A), and an assisting force for achieving such reductions can be properly shared between the leg links (3L, 3R) corresponding to the legs of the user (A).

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Currently, full body exoskeletons still lack movabili-ty in their back and shoulder parts, resulting in limited applicability in, e.g., nursing care. An exoske-letal spine and shoulder mechanism called “exo-spine” has therefore been developed with the purpose of allowing 3 degree of freedom (DOF) spinal motion and 2 DOF shoulder girdle abduction. It consists of a mechanism of vertebras, shoulder blades, and two cables for actuation such that only one motor is requir-ed. Control equations were obtained through measurements and friction analysis. Experiments were performed with a subject wearing the exo-spine in a simplified full body exoskeleton. The wearer was able to lift up to 40 kg using all DOF of the system. From this we confirmed the exo-spine’s 5 DOF movability and lifting performance. Next, the exo-spine will be installed in HAL exoskeletons in order to increase their usabili-ty in health care settings.

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The scientific and medical community is becoming more and more interested in the so-called Rehabilitation Robotics. Rehabilitation Robotics has been envisioned as technology for the restoration and functional compensation of people suffering from physical disability or disorders, either for the rehabilitation therapy or assistance of people.

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Rehabilitation Robotics has been defined as the combination of industrial robotics and medical rehabilitation, thus encompassing many areas, including mechanical and electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, artificial intelligence and sensor and actuator technology. Medical rehabilitation often refers to the process by which human function, be it physical or cognitive, is restored at least partially to their “normal” condition.

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This book started with an introduction to Rehabilitation Robotics and, in particular, of Rehabilitation Wearable Robots of which Exoskeletons are very interesting examples. A historical note that dated back to the late 1960’s the first work on Rehabilitation Robotics was given in Chapter 1. Even though this represents already more than 40 years of work in the area, when looking to publications and scientific contributions in the field, one might say that it is still in its infancy.

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