Full or partial loss of function in the lower limb is an increasingly common ailment associated with a wide range of injuries, disease processes, and other conditions including sports, occupational, spinal cord injuries, and strokes. Some people are even born with disabilities. To treat such abnormalities, large number of physiotherapy exercises is used which are labour intensive requiring high levels of one to one attention from highly skilled medical personnel. Prior to the introduc-tion of machine assistance, physical therapists have had to manually move the patient’s limbs. This leads to two problems, repetition and strain. The physical therapist is not able to precisely duplicate the movements each time. The machines are capable of doing so, leading to a superior rehabilitation for the patient. The therapists experience strain from having to move the patient’s limbs. To solve the above problems, a device has been developed that helps the disabled ones to perform flexion and extension of lower limbs. It is a framework made up of aluminum, with knee joints and an actuator attached to it, which has to be worn. The complete setup weighs not more than 2 kg. The aim of the project is to generate walking mechanism using PSOC microcontroller.

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Отряд технопехоты.

Отряд технопехоты состоит из 8 комбатантов — пехотинцев в броне со встроенной электроникой и экзоскелетами (далее ТП) и Боевой Машины поддержки Технопехоты (БМТ) с экипажем из двух человек: водитель/стрелок, командир машины/стрелок. Причем это именно один отряд — ТП и БМТ в одной информационно-тактической <связке> работает как единый комплекс, именно благодаря этому будет возможно достичь наибольшей эффективности.

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Muscle’s tone and muscular force are very important in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with exoskeletal leg prosthesis to increase bipedal posture and velocity gait: few reports cite the employment of isokinetic test and 6MWT in the treatment of this type of patients. These specific instruments are useful for the evaluation of transtibial rather transfemoral amputation patients.

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This article addresses prospective and retrospective responsibility issues connected with medical robotics. It will be suggested that extant conceptual and legal frameworks are sufficient to address and properly settle most retrospective responsibility problems arising in connection with injuries caused by robot behaviours (which will be exemplified here by reference to harms occurred in surgical interventions supported by the Da Vinci robot, reported in the scientific literature and in the press). In addition, it will be pointed out that many prospective responsibility issues connected with medical robotics are nothing but well-known robotics engineering problems in disguise, which are routinely addressed by roboticists as part of their research and development activities: for this reason they do not raise particularly novel ethical issues. In contrast with this, it will be pointed out that novel and challenging prospective responsibility issues may emerge in connection with harmful events caused by normal robot behaviours. This point will be illustrated here in connection with the rehabilitation robot Lokomat.

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It is well established how maintaining a correct body posture is absolutely fundamental to prevent skeleton and muscular pathologies. For instance the trunk’s postures assumed in a typical working day for who spends many hours in front of a pc-screen, or the typical motion behaviour in the classroom routine for the pupils, can even lead to some body handicaps. Accordingly, it appears obvious how the exact evaluation of assumed postures during the possible daily activities is the starting point for the adoption of related prevention expedient or the application of subsequent medical treatments. On the basis of our experience, this paper deals with the common adopted systems for measuring human postures, especially related to the torso, suggesting a complete classification scheme, and imaging new possible future scenarios for clinical applications.

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