О перспективах нейроинтерфейсов и глобальной сети Интернет размышляет директор НТЦ «Интрофизика» (г. Рыбинск)

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Cerebral vascular accident (CVA, Stroke) is the third cause of death in Western society. About 4.7 million stroke survivors are alive today. Impaired walking ability contributes to post-stroke walking disability. Walking incorrectly creates a stigma and makes patients moresusceptible to injury, affecting quality of life. Most promising interventions to restore walking function are based on robotic systems that intend to restore function by focusing on actions at periphery of the body (a BOTTOM-UP approach). It is not clear how effective these treatments are and a major problem is non-compliance. The main objective of the project is to improve physical rehabilitation therapies of gait disorders in stroke patients based on BNCIassistive technologies, improving systems, providing guidelines for further improvements, and developing benchmarking tools. The project will validate, technically, functionally and clinically, the concept of improving stroke rehabilitation with robotic gait exoskeletons based on a TOP-DOWN approach: motor patterns of the limbs are represented in the cortex, transmitted to the limbs and fed back to the cortex:
-The system will provide means to assess compliance through a multimodal BNCI.
-The proposed BNCI will combine CNS (Electroencephalography, EEG and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS) and PNS (Electromyography, EMG) data with biomechanical data (Inertial Measurement Units, IMUs).
-It will determine if training the activation of signals that control lower limb tasks in combination with robotics devices is beneficial for restoring lower limb function.
-BETTER will provide means for objective evaluation of the BNCI-based physical rehabilitation therapy and its usability and acceptability. BETTER proposes a multimodal BNCI which main goal is to explore the representations in the cortex, characterize the user involvement and modify the intervention at the periphery with ambulatory and non-ambulatory robotic gait trainers.

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The paper presents the concept, manufacturing and testing of a force am-plifier exoskeleton. The exoskeleton materializes two mechanical upper limbs and has the main function of am-plifying the lifting force of the human arms. Using a simple design concept, the exoskeleton was manufacture in low budget conditions, resulting in a very good execution cost – performances ratio. The mechanical tests were performed in order to prove these performances.

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Исследуется возможность применения на шестиногой шагающей машине гидравлического привода с машинно-дроссельным управлением. Приведено краткое описание математической модели гидросистемы с LS-управлением. С помощью рассмотренной математической модели было выполнено моделирование гидросистемы одной ноги шагающей машины с насосом с LS-управлением. Приведены результаты моделирования.

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Like many developed Asian countries, Western nations are facing an aging society. This places huge burdens on current healthcare systems. How can we cope with the rapidly increasing demand for healthcare? A wider use of technology is one possible solution. Japan is at the forefront of attempts to develop robotic technology in the service of its citizens, in particular the older members of its population. To learn from the Japanese experience, we visited the country to assess the current state of healthcare robotics there. The present report is intended as a contribution to the debate on the future of our healthcare system. We hope it will bridge the gap between the healthcare providers and the developers of robotics systems, and provide a basis for further discussion and practical collaboration. This study is a joint enterprise of the Rathenau Instituut in The Hague and the Science and Technology section of the Dutch Embassy in Tokyo. Ying Ying Lau from the Rathenau Instituut collected in-formation through interviews and laboratory visits in Japan in the period from September to December 2008. Her work was supervised by Daan Archer, Science and Technology Attaché at the Embassy and Technology Assessment researchers Christian van ‘t Hof and Rinie van Est from the Rathenau Instituut. At the end of November 2008, they visited several laboratories to talk to experts. They were accompanied during some of these visits by a delegation of Dutch healthcare managers, who provided them with feedback on their experi-ence of Japanese robotics. The study was rounded off by an expert meeting at the Dutch Embassy in Tokyo on 27 November 2008, where the future of healthcare robotics in Japan was discussed. This report is the beginning of a larger set of activities in the field of robotics in the Netherlands. In November 2009 an international conference on robotics will be held by SenterNovem (an innovation agency of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs), the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Rathenau Instituut. Various investigations will be carried out in preparation for this event. For example, the athenau Instituut will carry out an exploratory study on service robots. The Rathenau Instituut will also study developments in the field of healthcare robotics in the Netherlands. We would like to thank all the robotics experts who have contributed to our understanding of the current developments in Japan. The meetings and institutes are mentioned in Appendix A. We also owe a debt of gratitude to the staff of the Dutch Embassy in Tokyo and look forward to future collaboration.

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