In recent years, robots have made substantial in-roads in the medical field and are gradually finding their way into clinical practice. Intuitive Surgical’s da Vinci surgical robot broke ground in 1998 by performing the first tele-robotic surgery to repair a heart valve (Salis-bury, 1998; Guthart & Salisbury, 2000). Accuray’s CyberKnife radiotherapy robot began treating head, neck and upper spine tumors in 1999 by combining image guidance with a robotically-directed radiation beam (Adler et al., 1997). In 2002, Interactive Motion Technology began therapy of stroke patients with the InMotion2 robot, also known as the MIT-Manus (Krebs et al., 2002). These devices and many others under development have provided researchers and doctors alike with capabilities not previously available.

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